International Journal of Communication Development
The International Journal of Communication Development (IJCD) is a new journal devoted to the analysis of communication, mass media and development in a global context in both Indian and international perspectives.
Can smart education address the knowledge gap in india? Anopinion1
The opinion paper explores the dimensions of smart education post the advent of National Education Policy of 2020 in India and aims to understand how the problem of knowledge gap can be addressed through the integration of digital technologies in higher education. The paper explores the different aspects of NEP 2020 and its blueprint for integration of digital technologies and to what extent they address the concerns of the knowledge gap theory in context of India.
Copyright (c) 2023 International Journal of Communication Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Reimagining Education in India: NEP-2020 and the Knowledge Economy of Varanasi1
The given study evaluates the integration of digital media technologies in smart education within the semi-urban milieu of Varanasi, a locale of enduring cultural relevance in Uttar Pradesh, India, in alignment with the National Education Policy of 2020. It becomes imperative to scrutinize the adoption of various digital modalities—namely, e-learning platforms, virtual classrooms, digital repositories, and collaborative applications—when applied to the instruction of youth in culturally emblematic regions. Predominantly, existing scholarship in the field of media-educational studies has concentrated on large metropolitan cities, thereby leaving a conspicuous lacuna with respect to semi-urban settings of historical importance. The study zeroes in on the Varanasi region of India, where a historically rich cultural backdrop coexists with institutions of national standing, such as Banaras Hindu University, to ascertain how local youth and educators perceive and evaluate contemporary digital efforts. By fusing empirical data with a nuanced contextual frame, the research informs both the design and operational strategy of education policy. The study aims to delineate concrete, actionable measures that can guide educators, administrators, and creators of learning technology in mitigating the digital divide, advancing digital literacy, and cultivating equitable, culturally attuned, technology-mediated educational environments. The research paper is part of ICCSR sponsored major research F.NO. 02/127/2022-23/ICSSR/RP/MJ/GEN on” Usage of digital media applications for smart education: A study of youth in Varanasi District”
Copyright (c) 2025 International Journal of Communication Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Blended Learning and Instructional Design: Inculcating Technology Driven Practices in Heis as Envisioned in NationalEducation Policy, 2020
The education sector has undergone many changes over the years, with technology being one component that has transformed teaching and learning. As India's education landscape continues to change and evolve, it is important that all stakeholders deliberate upon how best to meet these challenges. National Education Policy 2020 provides an effective roadmap to achieve the vision of making India a knowledge society. The Policy thrusts upon the adoption of advanced technology in the classrooms considering the needs, preferences, and pedagogical challenges of educating 21st -century learners. Digital Education will remain at the heart of the entire teaching-learning process, especially for Higher Education Institutions [HEIs]. Such technological interface also aligns with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 which emphasizes Quality Education for all and encourages citizens to be lifelong learners. The policy provides provisions for inculcating MOOC courses and academic credit transfer facilities along with substantial investments in creating the digital infrastructure for blended learning in classrooms for better learning outcomes among other unique initiatives and guidelines. In today's online learning environment, blended learning unlocks a new dimension of teaching and learning. It is an approach to integrating both face to-face and online components of the curriculum so that students may dive deeper into the subject matter. The paper includes discussions on how technology and instruction can complement each other as part of blended learning approaches and practices. It also discusses how blending online and offline educational resources creates unique opportunities for students. It would provide a guide on how to create effective blended learning courses and guidelines for how to plan, design and implement effective instruction plans for the new age learners to accomplish their learning goals and develop skills.
Copyright (c) 2022 International Journal of Communication Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Deconstructing Filter Bubble Hypothesis: How Algorithm Media Functions to Constrict the Opinion-making
Filter Bubble Hypothesis is a situation in which algorithm based media functions to provide the information and content on the Internet that reiterates or replicates an individuals' belief system, choices and preferences. It reconfirms the individual’s pre-existing knowledge and belief leaving lesser scope for newer ideas to penetrate. As the name suggests it creates a ‘bubble’ around individual choices and way of thinking. It is aimed at personalizing the digital experience of the Internet user, however, it constrains the diversity of opinions and basket of perspectives available on the internet thus leading to a flawed opinion-making process and skewed choices. Such functioning of the Algorithm based media may harm the political opinion formation where an individual is not encountering critical views, contrasting opinions, and newer perspectives and which may lead to a repetition of electoral choices. The paper attempts to understand the process of the Filter Bubble Hypothesis and Echo chambers in the context of political communication. Echo Chambers is a metaphorical situation where an individuals' own opinion gets enlarged when applied in a closed system.
Copyright (c) 2020 International Journal of Communication Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
All Women Must be Mothers: Indian Cinema’s Role in Shaping the Ideal Woman
The “myth” of the good mother remains a powerful influence used by various institutions to shape women’s aspirations, and this essay explores how Indian Cinema contributes significantly to the market for this myth. The cinematic portrayal of the mother has evolved, reflecting changing political motivations in the country. Tracing back to the foundational years of Indian cinema, the myth was served by gendering the idea of the nation itself. More recently, this concept applies value judgments concerning women’s agency, whether they are exploring sexuality or breaking from everyday gender roles. However, the core premise that a good mother is essentially an ideal woman has consistently prevailed. Borrowing from Sudhir Kakar’s idea of the “bad mother,” as presented in his work The Inner World: A Psychoanalytical Study of Childhood and Society in India (1978), this essay explores the evolution of the Mother in Indian Cinema, demonstrating how she has consistently carried the burden of being valued as “good” in order to be seen as an ideal woman.
The "Digital Lifeline" Paradox among youth: A study on Social Media platforms during COVID-19 in North-East India4
From shopping to electronic communication, education, and business tools, social media is an essential part of daily life. Social media significantly impacts people's lives. Users may easily connect through blogs and other media channels. Journalists and their organizations have had to tread carefully ever since social networking platforms like Facebook and Twitter became vital tools for reporting. People now use these websites regularly. Youth's mental health suffered as a result of the COVID-19 physical separation tactics. By using digital technology more frequently, young people worldwide have mitigated the negative impacts of social isolation. Numerous businesses, including manufacturing, services, and education, have been impacted by the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Even though there is a likely approach to continue academic activities through online learning, both the procedure and the outcome could not be effective. The paper aims to critically analyze these trends of social media usage amongst the youth in North East India and to understand the influence of time spent on social networking sites on the mental health of youth in the selected states of North-East India. For this purpose, a systematic questionnaire was used to survey students from several northeastern Indian states. According to the study's findings, social media addiction among young people in northeastern states rose at the time of COVID-19, which is causing mental stress and sleep deprivation.
Reel Women, Real Issues: Gendered Health Narratives and Development Discourses in Contemporary Hindi Cinema
This paper examines the intersection of gender and development in three mainstream Hindi films namely Toilet: Ek Prem Katha (2017), Padman (2018), and Janhit Mein Jaari (2022) which highlight women’s health, agency, and socio-cultural constraints. These films move beyond the traditionally apolitical narrative of popular Indian cinema by engaging with themes of shame, tradition, and disparity, revealing how entrenched taboos and patriarchal norms obstruct women’s access to sexual and reproductive health and hinder their self-determination and affect development as a whole. Using thematic analysis as methodology, the study identifies recurring patterns and symbolic motifs that shape cinematic representations of women’s development. By studying the theme of women's health especially reproductive health, gender equity, and development this research points that development must be understood as an intersectional and multidimensional process, shaped by cultural forces that influence both policy and perception. Through an intensive and nuanced reading the films it highlights how cultural narratives reflect and challenge dominant discourses. By analyzing these films as cultural texts, the study highlights cinema’s potential to serve as a site of socially conscious storytelling and advocates for the integration of gender discourse into broader developmental thinking.
News, Development and Democracy in Jammu and Kashmir: A Study of Main stream Media Discourse
The Indian Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir has long been an arena of contested narratives. The media serves as a primary contributor to the construction of the public sphere. A review of existing literature reveals that conflict and security reportage has emerged as one of the most dominant frames in national media coverage of Jammu and Kashmir. Therefore, this study examines the transformation of national print media discourse on Jammu and Kashmir following the abrogation of Article 370 in 2019, with a particular focus on the representation of development within democratic communication frameworks. Using democratic media theory as the guiding lens and employing thematic analysis, the research analyses forty-two articles published in The Hindustan Times and The Indian Express between August 2019 and July 2023. The findings indicate a discernible shift in media focus from conflict-centric reportage to narratives foregrounding welfare, infrastructure, governance, and citizen participation. Themes such as Welfare and Progress, Infrastructure Development, Governance and Accountability, and Citizen Participation illustrate a growing alignment between media discourse and developmental priorities. However, remnants of conflict and security narratives continue to persist as legitimising frames for developmental progress. The study concludes that while national print media exhibits an emerging democratic reorientation by amplifying voices of inclusion and governance, critical engagement with dissent, long-term developmental outcomes, and diverse public perspectives remains limited. This transition marks a crucial step towards reimagining the media's democratic role in post-conflict regions like Jammu and Kashmir.
Jammu and Kashmir, Media Discourse, Conflict and Development, National Print Media, and Democratic Media Theory
Changing Face of the Indian Media and Entertainment Industry in the Wake of Globalization
“Mera joota hai Japani, yeh patloon Englishtani, sar pe laal top Russi, phir bhi dil hai Hindustani.” (My shoes are Japanese, my trousers are English; the hat on my head is Russian, but my heart is Indian.) — Song from the Hindi movie Shree 420 (Mr. 420, Raj Kapoor, 1955) What is globalization? Is it the integration of economic, political, and cultural systems across the globe? Or is it the Americanization of world culture and the United States’ dominance in world affairs? Is globalization a force for economic growth, prosperity, and democratic freedom? Or is it a force for environmental devastation, exploitation of the developing world, and suppression of human rights? In sum, is globalization “good” or “bad”?
Copyright (c) 2012 International Journal of Communication Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Economic Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic (Country and Global Perspective)
The pandemic of 2020 caught many by surprise. In spite of regional outbreaks of epidemics with lethal consequences such as SARS or Ebola, for about a century the mankind has not faced such a global pandemic as hit the globe during the first quarter of 2020. However, in the history, there have been other pandemics, which took the death toll of millions of people such as Black Death in 14th century, or the 1918 Fluxxxv, which probably killed more people than the World War I taking place at about the same time (Learn, 2020). The experience shows that during these pandemic periods, mistakes were also made, such as the failure of people to socially distance, which we can learn from even today. During the Spanish flu, the spread of the virus was also caused by the migration of solders during the war. Thus, the past experience also documents that the spread of the virus can be contained by reduced mobility of population, both within individual countries and internationally. However, it is also equally clear that the containment measures aimed to reduce the mobility are also very costly, have substantial consequences on the economy of the country and create recessionary pressures.
In The Higher Education System, Universities ranking depends up there search productivity of the faculty members. The quality of the research articles they and the of score of the citation their paper earns defines the ranking to their institution. The paper suggests the helps techniques to increase the citation frequency.
Dramaturgy and the Social Media: Decoding the Virtual Self
Social Media has entered our lives to an extent where it seems impossible to live without our smart phones. The virtual lives of the users though are just a fractional part of their real lives. People sometimes even fake it to construct a different virtual identity for themselves. In contemporary times the social media behaviour can be studied in terms of Goffman’s theory of dramaturgy. This paper looks at the sharing of real socio economic status patterns of 500 respondents on social media along with their dependence on social media for real life decision making.. The study follows a mixed method approach where a survey along with expert interviews is conducted. Results indicate that people subconsciously use dramaturgy while sharing the real life socio economic status online and seek approval of social media peer to an extent to make real life decisions.
Political Accountability and Intra-government Communication of Regulators in India: A Critical Analysis
Independence and Accountability are two essential ideals for good governance, but surprisingly both these principles appear contradictory and prima facie seem irreconcilable.6 Nevertheless the success of any democratic legal system largely depends on the efficiency with which it addresses the conflict between these two ideals. The importance of balancing the aforementioned principles arises much more in case of those entities that though have been delegated the political power but are not democratically accountable in traditional sense to its citizens. These are the non-elected institutions called the independent regulatory agencies. The regulators communicate their means of maintaining good governance to the legislators in various ways. Such communication may or may not have the desired effect.
Buyer’s Right and Product Information: A Study on Displaying Sar Value of Budget Smart Phones
Being always “connected” by spending vast amount of time on Smartphone is a common perception of this age and the generation. The reports of the PIB and the Time i.e. India has the second-largest mobile phone users and world’s second largest smart phone market with over 900 million users in the world (PIB,2012 and Time, 2014). The reports show vast mobile phone penetration in India and if, anyhow, the health risk is associated with the usage of mobile phones will affect the whole country and the users particularly. All mobile phones emit electromagnetic field (EMF), normally non-ionized to connect the mobile phone to the base stations. This exposure to radio frequency (RF) energy is the main concern of many countries as it may cause many health issues. Hence, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC, US) has fixed the limit of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) for mobile phones. But many manufactures avoid this limit and even, perhaps, buyers are unaware about this safety indicator. Over exposure to radio frequency, even if it is non-ionized, is one of the causes of numerous health risks such as Alzheimer, Genotoxic Effects, Ocular Effects, Psychological Effects and Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity. This may also lead to Cancer. Thus, even a small impact on health by mobile usage could have major public health consequences. This paper reviews the presentation approach of online shopping websites regarding SAR value of budget smart phones and also analyses the priorities of publicizing other alluring features of smart phones. This paper aims to answer; do the online shopping websites display the SAR value of budget smart phones sold on it and whether the information of SAR value is conveyed in a proper way? Content analysis of top two online shopping websites in India will be done to come back with.
Budget Smart Phones and Online Shopping Sites
Role of Television to Influence and Achieve Gender Equality in Indian Society: A Media Stratification Critique
The role of Television to assess the influence on the aspect of gender equality has the theoretical base in the ‘Democratic media participation theory’ and ‘agenda setting theory’ of mass media. Television in India has consistently risen over the years, safely assuring that consumption of these media is prevalent. Media is also an important communicator and influencer to shape social opinions, and by extension, stereotypes. This role has a diverse range of effects because the content is predominantly developed in the ‘polished’ sects of metropolitan urban centres where notions and lifestyles assumed by genders are different than in semi-urban and rural areas, and therefore the same television content consumed in different tiers of society The paper investigates whether TV media have a role in how urban women and men are viewed in a different light than women and men from other tiers, and how does it shape the attitudes towards genders and gender equality, are some of the prime areas of interest in this study. The study infers multiple studies in social psychology, sociology and communication to assess parameters in stereotypes generally and gender stereotypes specifically, and how these can be developed and influenced. Reflective analysis is employed to peruse and comment on how television media can exploit its position of influence to create a fertile environment for gender equality in all regions.
Copyright (c) 2019 International Journal of Communication Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Alternative Media and Society: Role of Community Radio in Empowerment at the Grassroots Level
Culture, which refers to practices, languages, traditions and values that defines ones identity, has a timeless appeal. On the other hand, post modernity refers to the modern technological based mass media age. India has a pluralistic culture and in this techno based era, it is interesting to note that the diverse indigenous cultures are being expressed through the contemporary mass media specifically television and films. In the age of competitive, profit making, sender dominated media environment, community media, as a platform for ‘alternative’ voices plays major role. Community media, especially Community radio, stands for the voiceless and powerless by allowing people to share their opinions freely and also acts as a catalyst in creating awareness in specific areas. In the book “Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man” released in 1964 by Marshall McLuhan, it is being stated that it is the characteristics of the medium and not the content that affects the society. So by applying this theory, this paper will try to explore the role of community media, with special reference to community radio of different regions in India, in the growth and development at the grass root level. This paper is based on the analysis of the secondary data and study of available literature.
Innovative Strategies in Rural Marketing Used by Hul to Reach Rural Consumer in Outer Delhi Villages to Promote LifebuoySoap
The paper aims at revealing the significance and impact of “Innovative Strategies in Rural Marketing used by HUL to Reach Rural Consumer in outer Delhi Villages to promote Lifebuoy Soap." It also draws attention on the challenges and opportunities of innovative communication in rural outer Delhi villages. Consumer markets within the developing world are a huge however still untapped chance for corporations seeking new sources of growth. Inside that cluster is a lot of unnoticed opportunity: the rural consumer. There's a good chance for the marketers within the rural areas. Two-thirds of countries consumers live in rural area. Naturally the rural markets are a crucial part of the whole market. Going rural is the new selling mantra. In recent years, rural markets have non-heritable significance, because the overall growth of the economy has resulted into substantial increase within the buying power of the rural/rural community. On account of Rural revolution; the rural areas are consuming a large quantity of fmcg and urban manufactured products. In this context, a special marketing strategy, namely, rural marketing has emerged. Globalization, decentralization, migration trends and the emergence of new product and service markets pose new challenges and opportunities to rural areas.
A Review of Interactivity Component of Online Advertising Models
Online advertising is a comparatively nascent phenomenon which came into existence on 24th October, 1994 with publication of a paid display AT&T web banner ad on Hot Wired, a web based magazine (Cho & Cheon, 2004; Double Click, 2005, as cited in Ha, 2008; Janoschka, 2004; Kaye and Medoff, 2001, as cited in Evans, 2009; Hyland, 2000; Interactive Advertising Bureau, 2012). Research in the field of online advertising began in 1996 with the publication of Berthon, Pitt and Watson’s research paper evaluating the World Wide Web as an advertising medium in the Journal of Advertising Research. Online advertising has witnessed rapid growth during the past decade. ‘Interactivity’ is one of the primary differentiating factors in case of online advertising. The power accorded to the users by this interactivity component is quite significant as it has given them control over their advertising consumption. Interactivity has received special attention in the online advertising models developed by researchers in order to provide insights into the functioning of online advertising. The aim of this paper is to review different models of online advertising and understand the manner in which each of them has dealt with interactivity. This paper is based upon my unpublished doctoral thesis and draws extensively upon the review of literature review carried out for it. This review is expected to provide the groundwork for further research in the field of developing advanced online advertising models.
Correlation Between Brand Image & Public Perception: A Study
The paper deals with the relationship between brand image and pubic perception while choosing the Services/Product. In the changing socio-economical conditions, it is vital to understand the behavior /expectations of target group as it is the people who make judgment based o experiences over a period of time (about the product/organization. It affects the reputation of Business Group/Service Provider, positively of negatively which results into future prospects. The behavior of a person as consumer has always been a dynamic phenomenon. To understand this intrigue behavior in present situation, a survey was conducted by the researchers. It highlights some interesting behavior pattern of public and the reasons behind it.
Is Fake News and Veracity Intermingled? Perilous Effect of Social Media Fake News on Indian Societies
Fake news can be defined as spreading misinformation or proliferate slanderous propaganda with treacherous consequences. Fake news is dominating the field of social media journalism in 21st century. India’s social media penetration has witnessed a major increase over past five years.In the context of digital revolution, digital issues are majorly transforming the societies and fake news is a dark side of it. The social society grapples to recognise between post-truth and truth. This study analyses the perilous effect of social media fake news on Indian societies from the survey data of online sample. It looks into how most Indians believe fake news impacts society. Survey reveals that majority of Indians believe fabricated news creates confusion and say that most political stories followed by social narrative are made up and shared as truth. Study shows the blueprint of online platforms are indispensable to fake news with Facebook being the most susceptible and then WhatsApp. It concludes that fake news has resulted in numerous hazardous effects shepherd by lynching and followed up by polarisation. Social media platforms must bear fare share of responsibility and solitary, initiatives will prove to be futile and likely to fall short while a collective effort within the public domain, social platforms and initiatives from government can help combat fake news
Studying Themes of Politics and Culture on Indian Television News a Frame Analysis of Hindi Television News Debates in India
News as a narrative form relies on various codes of culture to communicate to the audience. Understanding news is not limited to what is communicates but how it does that in order to assess the real effect of news on society. Its relationship with society and its power can be studied by how news frames the issues that it communicates. Over the years Indian television has seen a revolution in the way it shares news, there is a move away from objective bulletins to a more discursive form of news debates that gather significantly more audience viewership. This research studies television news debates on Hindi television news channels to understand the complicated relationship between politics and culture in Indian news landscape. Through conducting a comprehensive frame analysis this research looks at news text and its use of culture as well as its engagement with politics that blurs the line between culture and politics while at the same time affecting the contemporary social reality.
Globalization and Cultural Adaptation:a Study on University Foreign Students
Globalization has deep-rooted into every sphere of life. Globalisation especially social networking sites have become an indispensable element of everyone’s day to day social life. Social network is not only amalgamation of ideas but also interchange of global views and ideas that have resulted in a major transformation of the lifestyle and living standard of people worldwide. India has a rich cultural background and pride of its culture is famous throughout the world. With the emergence of globalization, our deep rooted traditions and customs have slackened their hold and intercultural adaptations have proliferated in the society. Intercultural adaptation includes communicative adjustment during initial cross cultural interactions to decrease the probability of being misunderstood. Researchers have found that people have a propensity to exercise social media to get incorporated into the host culture during their adjustment and adaptation and to remain connected to their home countries. The present paper attempts to examine the impact of social media on the intercultural adaptation process. To carry out the present study the researcher conducted In depth interviews of the foreign students studying in the universities of NCR. In light of the results of the analysis, directions for future research in this line of research are also discussed. I believe the present study will add to the sporadic information on the impact of globalization on intercultural adaptation and becomes the basis for further insight in this imperative area of usage of social network especially among student youth.
Radio has been one very popular media in society. After the invention of this media, it became very popular and soon occupied an important role in the society. In recent years, the wide expansion of FM channels in urban areas has taken place and several private companies have started broadcasting programmes on FM radio. The easy availability of radio programmes has also helped in developing listening habits of radio programme among youths. The information about these habits is very useful for advertising companies and programme producers. Keeping in view to this point, the present study has been done which tries to find the radio listening habits of youths of Kanpur city. The study has been done through survey method using questionnaire. The data collected have been analysed and discussed. The findings have been given in brief in the end.
Appraisal of Gender Content in the Advertising syllabi of Mass Communication Courses A Case for Gendered and Inclusive Curricula
Insensitive gender reporting in news media and content creation in promotional media has been an issue of concern for long. Insensitivity in reporting on issues relating to women and derogatory portrayal of woman cuts across various genres of media, viz., news, entertainment and advertising. With hundreds of universities in India now imparting professional education in mass communication, the area of inquiry of the current research paper was to see the prevalence or absence of gender content in the course curriculum of mass communication, especially advertising, which is often criticized for inappropriate and indecent portrayal of women in its narrative. The inclusion of mass communication as a subject of study at the university level in India began soon after independence in a couple of universities. In 1965, the Government of India set up the Indian Institute of Mass Communication(IIMC) to impart professional training in journalism and mass communication. A postgraduate diploma course in Advertising & Public Relations began at IIMC in 1981. Today over 300 universities and institutions both in the public and private domain impart professional courses in advertising as a part of mass communication curriculum and also as exclusive courses in advertising at undergraduate and post graduate levels. The findings of the research vindicate the research hypothesis that mass communication teaching in India in general does not include gender discourse and gender sensitization to students.
THE PRINT PERPLEXITY: Issues of Concentration in Newspaper Industry in India
Concentration in media is not a new emerging problem but an existing one which is deeprooted. By concentration, it reflects upon the creation of conglomerates, merging of industries where the control is confined to few hands. In newspaper industry, concentration means few owners being able to grasp control over more than one newspaper firm which creates a shift in power to few hands rather than being dispersed in a democratic fashion. However, the central question that lies is as to why concentration is bad and why should it be a concern from development point of view? Newspaper industry, being a non democratic organized force having the ability to influence politics, public discourse and culture, can pose severe issues to democracy if it possesses immense market power. Concentration in newspaper can not only restrict the multiplicity of viewpoints in a democratic society but can also create issues of dominant language, plurality, in informing the citizenry and most importantly a source for generating profits through newspapers by covering those facts which have a higher sale value. The paper analyses the patterns of concentration from the Report of the Fact Finding Committee on Newspaper Economics (1975) and the kind of impact it posed on the Indian society.
Copyright (c) 2018 International Journal of Communication Development https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
Menstrual Restrictions: Barrier to Positive Communication on Menarche
The adolescent is a period of transition from childhood to adulthood which results in physical changes, biological changes, and changes in the hormonal phenomenon. These changes bring out psycho-social, behavioural and sexual maturation. Both pubertal development and sexual maturation take place during adolescent stage. In girls, the adolescent phase is marked by the first occurrence of menstruation which is known as menarche. For most of the adolescent girls, mothers are found to be the primary sources of information and knowledge about menstruation. However mothers pass on negative messages by imposing menstrual restrictions on their daughters which they followed during menstruation. Therefore it is important to ensure that effective and positive communication must happen between the mother and her daughter as it will affect future experiences and understanding of daughter regarding menstruation. Thus the present study focuses on menstrual restrictions which act as barrier to effective and positive communication on menstruation between mothers and their adolescent daughters
A Study of Internet Film Genre in Indian Context
Realism is an art movement, end eavouring to create an illusion of reality in any medium. The movement heralded in cinema in Post Second World War Italy, was the flag bearer of similar movements across the world, like the parallel cinema movement in India. With passage of time, the cinema that was on fringes of mainstream with the likes of Satyajit Ray and Ritwik Ghatak and Mrinal Sen, came to the foray with the likes of Madhur Bhandarkar, Anurag Kashyap and Vishal Bhardwaj. Today, as cinema in India is moving away from the big screen to the smaller screen in the living room and micro screens on smart phones, Internet has emerged not only a platform, but it is also replacing the need of a film theatre or measuring box office collections and has even become the media for publicity and marketing of films.
Impact of Television Advertisements on Adolescents a Study of Silchar
Advertisements certainly inform the people and make them aware of different products and services and their usage in daily life. TV advertising plays a significant role in changing the consumer behavior. Advertisers target the vulnerable adolescents and make use of various appeals so as to persuade them to buy and acquire certain products. This exerts tremendous influence on the audience and this effect may vary from one person to another. Advertisements attract the young people and give a constant reminder about different products and thereby motivate them to buy those. Some of the advertised products are such that they are not actually needed but are only used for luxury. The ideas, as well as the visuals that advertisements spread, holds a great strength towards the social norms of a society. With the ever-increasing role of advertising in the society, it is essential to have an understanding of the positive as well as negative impact of advertisements among the adolescents. This research, therefore,tries to dig out the impact of Television advertisements on adolescents of Silchar town of Assam. A survey was conducted among 100 respondents to figure out how the advertisements influence the adolescents both positively and negatively. The research reveals that television advertisements persuade and motivate the adolescents to buy products that may not be of actual necessity. Alluring images, catchy taglines, and featured celebrities influence them to buy certain products in addition to provoking their purchase decisions. On a positive note, advertisements help them to adopt healthy habits and have brought changes in their thought process and life.
Understanding Social Media Networking Through the Theoretical Perspectives of Sociology
The scholars in the field of mass communication and sociology have examined the evolving role of mass in media in a society from the classical theoretical perspectives of functionalism, social interactionism, and conflict theory. Each of these sociological perspectives has reflected strong relevance in the media theories that evolved since the beginning of functionalist traditions in mass media studies by Harold Laswell and Paul Lazarsfeld in the first half of 20th century. What is interesting is that with the advancement in mass media technology and the emergence of digital media technology, these theoretical perspectives of sociology have reinvigorated their relevance over the period of time. These social theories continue to remain relevant in current times of advanced digital media communications, especially social media networking. This study moves beyond the sociology of traditional mass media and will discuss the relevance of above theoretical perspective in the present context of rapid internet-mediated human interactions viz a viz social media networking.
Social Media Criticism in Respect to Audience Exposure
In the world of gadgets and progressive technology, we all have succumbed to social media platforms at least once. The choice wasn’t particularly ours but we all somehow continue to be a part of this globally connected world of the internet. Every platform is serving more or less the same purpose of communication and expression with certain different elements according to the target audiences. Certainly, the two-way interaction has increased but it also comes with unclear negatives. This paper showcases social media platforms in critical light, specifically0 pointing to the disadvantages of this addiction. From social validation to privacy issues, users have been through varied complications but certainly have been dedicated consumers. Highlighting the psychological disturbances and unnecessary content creation, this paper analyses how quickly users are habitual to these sites without realisation. Audience exposure is taken into account with understanding of all aspects, from content creation on social media to its selling of information, generation of fake news to active political celebrities influencing millions through a single tweet. Paper will provide a picture as to how Facebook, Twitter, Whatsapp and others are ruling our lives at the same time disseminating our private information and personal data to advertisers for easy money. Amidst the healthy discussions and two way communications, social media also risks our safety which has been clearly mentioned in the paper.