Review on Coronavirus Disease 2019 Transmission, Diagnosis And treatment

Abstract

COVID-19 is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which first appeared in Wuhan, Hubei Prvince, Central China, in December 2019 and has spread rapidly since then. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by an infection with the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and has caused one of the largest global outbreaks in recent years, posing a serious threat to global public health. World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global health emergency on January 30, 2020. Despite global efforts to prevent SARS-CoV2 transmission by quarantining infected people and their family members, social distancing, and school closures, the spread of infection could not be stopped. The case fatality rate is estimated to range from 2 to 3%. Diagnosis is by demonstration of the virus in respiratory secretions by special molecular tests. Common laboratory findings include normal/ low white cell counts with elevated = C-reactive protein (CRP). The computerized tomographic chest scan is usually abnormal even in those with no symptoms or mild disease. Treatment is essentially supportive; role of antiviral agents is yet to be established