Scale Development and Validation of Alumni Satisfaction in Context of Indian Higher Education

Prof. Puja Khatri; Ms. Neha Raheja

doi:10.65301/dias.2020.16.2.9

Articles 32th Edition of DTR Oct 2019 – Mar 2020

DOI 10.65301/dias.2020.16.2.9

Scale Development and Validation of Alumni Satisfaction in Context of Indian Higher Education

Authors

Professor University School of Management Studies, GGSIP University, Delhi, India

Research Scholar University School of Management Studies, GGSIP University, Delhi, India

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27 Downloads

Published 2020-03-30

Abstract

This paper aims at developing and validating scale for assessing the level of satisfaction of alumni with their Alma Mater. The literature on higher education expansion indicates that the higher education market is now well-established as a global phenomenon. An alumnus could be the most valuable asset an institution could invest in. “Alumni studies are useful not only to assess institutional effectiveness but also to aid institutional planning and revenue generation” (Volkwein, 2010). Therefore, it becomes essential on our part to conduct such alumni studies in India and in order to perform such studies, we need to develop reliable and a valid scale to study and examine the level of satisfaction of alumni with their alma mater which will help institutions to plan and execute a framework to improve their relations with the alumni. This study has been conducted among alumni of Public, Private and Deemed Universities offering Management and Engineering education in Delhi/NCR.

Keywords

Alumni Alma Mater Management Satisfaction India

References

i. Barkley, A. P. (1993). “Consumer Satisfaction” Response from Kansas State Alumni. NACTA Journal, 43-47.
ii. Belfield, C. R., &Beney, A. P. (2000). What determines alumni generosity? Evidence for the UK. Education Economics, 8(1), 65-80.
iii. Borden, V. M., Shaker, G. G., &Kienker, B. L. (2014). The impact of alumni status on institutional giving by faculty and staff. Research in Higher Education, 55(2), 196-217.
iv. Calitz, A. P., Greyling, J. H., & Cullen, M. (2017, July). Industry versus Postgraduate Studies: CS and IS Alumni Perceptions. In Annual Conference of the Southern African Computer Lecturers’ Association (pp. 192-205). Springer, Cham.
v. Clotfelter, C. T. (2003). Alumni giving to elite private colleges and universities. Economics of Education review, 22(2), 109-120.
vi. Fornell, C., &Larcker, D. FE (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of marketing research, 382-388.
vii. Gaier, S. (2005). Alumni satisfaction with their undergraduate academic experience and the impact on alumni giving and participation. International Journal of Educational Advancement, 5(4), 279-288.
viii. Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical assumptions. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates Publishing.
ix. Hair Jr, J.E, Hult, G.T. M., Ringle, C., &Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.
x. Hair Jr,J.E, Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., &Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. SAGE Publications.
xi. Hansen, L. (2015). Once students, forever alumni: A study analyzing drivers of alumni loyalty (Doctoral dissertation).
xii. Hartman, D. E., & Schmidt, S. L. (1995). Understanding student/alumni satisfaction from a consumer's perspective: The effects of institutional performance and program outcomes. Research in Higher Education, 36(2), 197-
217.
xiii. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., &Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135.
xiv. Hoyt,J.E. (2004). Understanding alumni giving: Theory and predictors of donor
status. Online Submission.
xv. Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management
research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 20(2),
195-204.
xvi. Hunter, C. S., Jones, E. B., & Boger, C. (1999). A study of the relationship between alumni giving and selected characteristics of alumni donors of Livingstone College, NC. Journal of Black Studies, 29(4), 523-539.
xvii. Johnson, J. W., & Eckel, P. D. (1998). Preparing seniors for roles as active alumni. The senior year experience: Facilitating integration, reflection, closure and transition, 227-241.
xviii. Kim,J.0., & Mueller, C.W. (1978). Introduction to factor analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications
xix. Mc Alexander, J. H., & Koenig, H. E (2001). University experiences, the student college relationship, and alumni support. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 10(3), 21-44.
xx. Nunnally, Jum C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, 2d ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
xxi. Pace, C. R. (1979). Measuring Outcomes of College. Fifty Years of Findings and Recommendations for the Future.
xxii. Pascarella, E. T., &Terenzini, PT. (2005). Howcollege affects students: A third decade of research (Vol. 2). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
xxiii. Pedro, I. M., Pereira, L. N., & Carrasqueira, H. B. (2018). Determinants for the commitment relationship maintenance between the alumni and the alma mater. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 28(1), 128-152.
xxiv. Pike, G. R. (1994). The relationship between alumni satisfaction and work experiences. Research in Higher Education, 35(1), 105-123.
xxv. Stephenson, A. L., & Bell, N. (2014). Motivation for alumni donations: a social identity perspective on the role of branding in higher education. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 19(3), 176-186.
xxvi. Sun, X., Hoffman, S. C., & Grady, M. L. (2007). A multivariate causal model of alumni giving: Implications for alumni fundraisers. International Journal of Educational Advancement, 7(4), 307-332.
xxvii. Weerts, D.J., & Ronca, J. M. (2008). Characteristics of alumni donors who volunteer at their alma mater. Research in higher education, 49(3), 274-292.
xxviii. Vaidya, Amita. “Prof. Amita Vaidya (Associate Dean) addresses alumni of NMIMS Sarla Anil Modi School of Economics”. Retrieved from https://economics.nmims.edu/students/alumni/
xxix. Volkwein, J. E (2010). Assessing alumni outcomes. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2010(S1), 125-139.
xxx. Zabatta, L. (2017). Alumni Giving: A Relationship between On-Campus Alumni Engagement, Participation and Financial Support.

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Prof. Puja Khatri, Ms. Neha Raheja . (2020). Scale Development and Validation of Alumni Satisfaction in Context of Indian Higher Education. DIAS Technology Review, 16(2).

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[1] i. Barkley, A. P. (1993). “Consumer Satisfaction” Response from Kansas State Alumni. NACTA Journal, 43-47.

[2] ii. Belfield, C. R., &Beney, A. P. (2000). What determines alumni generosity? Evidence for the UK. Education Economics, 8(1), 65-80.

[3] iii. Borden, V. M., Shaker, G. G., &Kienker, B. L. (2014). The impact of alumni status on institutional giving by faculty and staff. Research in Higher Education, 55(2), 196-217.

[4] iv. Calitz, A. P., Greyling, J. H., & Cullen, M. (2017, July). Industry versus Postgraduate Studies: CS and IS Alumni Perceptions. In Annual Conference of the Southern African Computer Lecturers’ Association (pp. 192-205). Springer, Cham.

[5] v. Clotfelter, C. T. (2003). Alumni giving to elite private colleges and universities. Economics of Education review, 22(2), 109-120.

[6] vi. Fornell, C., &Larcker, D. FE (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics. Journal of marketing research, 382-388.

[7] vii. Gaier, S. (2005). Alumni satisfaction with their undergraduate academic experience and the impact on alumni giving and participation. International Journal of Educational Advancement, 5(4), 279-288.

[8] viii. Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing statistical assumptions. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates Publishing.

[9] ix. Hair Jr, J.E, Hult, G.T. M., Ringle, C., &Sarstedt, M. (2016). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Sage Publications.

[10] x. Hair Jr,J.E, Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., &Gudergan, S. P. (2017). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling. SAGE Publications.

[11] xi. Hansen, L. (2015). Once students, forever alumni: A study analyzing drivers of alumni loyalty (Doctoral dissertation).

[12] xii. Hartman, D. E., & Schmidt, S. L. (1995). Understanding student/alumni satisfaction from a consumer's perspective: The effects of institutional performance and program outcomes. Research in Higher Education, 36(2), 197-

[13] 217.

[14] xiii. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., &Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135.

[15] xiv. Hoyt,J.E. (2004). Understanding alumni giving: Theory and predictors of donor

[16] status. Online Submission.

[17] xv. Hulland, J. (1999). Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management

[18] research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 20(2),

[19] 195-204.

[20] xvi. Hunter, C. S., Jones, E. B., & Boger, C. (1999). A study of the relationship between alumni giving and selected characteristics of alumni donors of Livingstone College, NC. Journal of Black Studies, 29(4), 523-539.

[21] xvii. Johnson, J. W., & Eckel, P. D. (1998). Preparing seniors for roles as active alumni. The senior year experience: Facilitating integration, reflection, closure and transition, 227-241.

[22] xviii. Kim,J.0., & Mueller, C.W. (1978). Introduction to factor analysis. Beverly Hills: Sage Publications

[23] xix. Mc Alexander, J. H., & Koenig, H. E (2001). University experiences, the student college relationship, and alumni support. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 10(3), 21-44.

[24] xx. Nunnally, Jum C. (1978), Psychometric Theory, 2d ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.

[25] xxi. Pace, C. R. (1979). Measuring Outcomes of College. Fifty Years of Findings and Recommendations for the Future.

[26] xxii. Pascarella, E. T., &Terenzini, PT. (2005). Howcollege affects students: A third decade of research (Vol. 2). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

[27] xxiii. Pedro, I. M., Pereira, L. N., & Carrasqueira, H. B. (2018). Determinants for the commitment relationship maintenance between the alumni and the alma mater. Journal of Marketing for Higher Education, 28(1), 128-152.

[28] xxiv. Pike, G. R. (1994). The relationship between alumni satisfaction and work experiences. Research in Higher Education, 35(1), 105-123.

[29] xxv. Stephenson, A. L., & Bell, N. (2014). Motivation for alumni donations: a social identity perspective on the role of branding in higher education. International Journal of Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Marketing, 19(3), 176-186.

[30] xxvi. Sun, X., Hoffman, S. C., & Grady, M. L. (2007). A multivariate causal model of alumni giving: Implications for alumni fundraisers. International Journal of Educational Advancement, 7(4), 307-332.

[31] xxvii. Weerts, D.J., & Ronca, J. M. (2008). Characteristics of alumni donors who volunteer at their alma mater. Research in higher education, 49(3), 274-292.

[32] xxviii. Vaidya, Amita. “Prof. Amita Vaidya (Associate Dean) addresses alumni of NMIMS Sarla Anil Modi School of Economics”. Retrieved from https://economics.nmims.edu/students/alumni/

[33] xxix. Volkwein, J. E (2010). Assessing alumni outcomes. New Directions for Institutional Research, 2010(S1), 125-139.

[34] xxx. Zabatta, L. (2017). Alumni Giving: A Relationship between On-Campus Alumni Engagement, Participation and Financial Support.