Abstract
Background: Industry 4.0 characterized by ‘smart factories’ gave rise to the absolute customized product which has become possible through the creation of new operating models where virtual and physical systems of manufacturing cooperate mutually. The breakthrough technologies such as quantum technology, nanotechnology, machine learning, and others are generated through connected machines and systems. The technological fusion and their integration across physical, digital, and biological domains demand basic to advance levels of human-machine cooperation and collaboration or human-machine learning.
The research aims: In this paper, the author applies a scenario analysis process to understand how Industry 4.0 may impact the concepts of learning and propose best learning practices for the future.
Methodology: The paper is based on the literature review of experts’ work on Industry 4.0 and Human-skilling. Through such literature review, critical factor elements characterizing Industry 4.0 and Human-skilling have been identified. Six steps scenario-analysis process has been adopted to suggest what would be the future of human skilling. It has also been attempted to explore the possibility of theory concerning the role of learning in Industry 4.0.
Key Findings: It has been concluded that Leadership with high emotional intelligence and digital mindsets generating innovative ideas will be the future of human skilling in Industry 4.0 and beyond.
Keywords
References
- i. Abele G., Chryssolouris W., Sihn J., Metternich H., ElMaraghy G., Seliger G., Sivard W., ElMaraghy V., Hummel M., Tisch S., Seifermann (2017), Learning Factories for Future Oriented Research and Education in Manufacturing, CIRP Annals, Vol. 66 (2), pp. 803–826
- ii. Ansari and Seidenberg U. (2016), A Portfolio for Optimal Collaboration of Human and Cyber Physical Production Systems in Problem-Solving, Proceedings of CELDA 2016, pp. 311–315
- iii. Antonacopoulou E. P., and Gabriel Y. (2006), Emotion, Learning and Organizational Change, Journal of Organizational Change Management, 14(5), pp. 435–451
- iv. Argote L., Gruenfeld D., and Naquin C. (2001), Group Learning in Organizations, Groups at Work: Advances in Theory and Research
- v. Argyris C. and Schön D. (1995), Organizational Learning: Theory, Method and Practice, Addison-Wesley
- vi. Bartodziej C. J. (2017), The Concept Industry 4.0: An Empirical Analysis of Technologies and Applications in Production Logistics, Springer
- vii. Bishop C. M. (2006), Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, Springer
- viii. Carbonell J. G., Michalski R. S., and Mitchell T. M. (1983), An Overview of Machine Learning, Machine Learning, pp. 3–23
- ix. Carmeli A., Brueller D., and Dutton J. E. (2009), Learning Behaviours in the Workplace, Systems Research and Behavioral Science, pp. 81–98
- x. Crossan M. M., Lane H. W., and White R. E. (1999), An Organizational Learning Framework, Academy of Management Review, 24, pp. 522–537
- xi. Davis C., Edmunds E., and Kelly-Bateman V. (2010), Connectivism, Emerging Perspectives on Learning, Teaching and Technology
- xii. Dodgson M. (1993), Organizational Learning: A Review of Some Literatures, Organization Studies, 14(3), pp. 375–394
- xiii. Dreyfus S. E. (2004), The Five-stage Model of Adult Skill Acquisition, Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society
- xiv. Ertmer P. A., and Newby T. J. (1993), Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, Performance Improvement Quarterly
- xv. Ertmer P. A., and Newby T. J. (2013), Behaviorism, Cognitivism, Constructivism, Performance Improvement Quarterly
- xvi. Erol A., Jäger P., Hold K., Ott I., and Sihn W. (2016), Tangible Industry 4.0, Procedia CIRP, pp. 13–18
- xvii. Control Engineering Europe (Retrieved source link)
- xviii. Piirnkranz D., Gamberger D., and Lavrač N. (2012), Foundations of Rule Learning, Springer
- xix. Gausemeier J., Fink A., and Schlake O. (1998), Scenario Management, Technological Forecasting and Social Change
- xx. Gruber H. (2017), Innovation, Skills and Investment, Springer
- xxi. Gupta J., and Sharma S. (2004), Creating Knowledge Based Organizations, Idea Group Publishing
- xxii. Illeris K. (2009), Contemporary Theories of Learning, Routledge
- xxiii. Jarvis P. (2009), Learning to be a Person in Society, Routledge
- xxiv. Karban R. (2015), Plant Learning and Memory, University of Chicago Press
- xxv. Kagermann H., Wahlster W., & Helbig J. (2013), Securing the Future of German Manufacturing Industry, Industrie 4.0 Report
- xxvi. Kelly J. E., and Hamm S. (2013), Smart Machines: IBM's Watson and the Era of Cognitive Computing, Columbia
- xxvii. Kelleher J. D., Mac Namee B., and D’Arcy A. (2015), Fundamentals of Machine Learning, MIT Press
- xxviii. Maier R. (2007), Knowledge Management Systems, Springer
- xxix. Marik V. et al. (2015), National Initiative Industry 4.0, Praha
- xxx. Maruta R. (2014), The Creation and Management of Organizational Knowledge
- xxxi. Mendonça S., Cunha M. P., Ruff F., Kaivo-oja J. (2009), Venturing into the Wilderness, Long Range Planning
- xxxii. O'Dell C., and Grayson C. J. (1998), If Only We Knew What We Know, Free Press
- xxxiii. Phillips D. C., & Soltis J. E. (2009), Perspectives on Learning, Columbia University
- xxxiv. Richard Gross (2015), Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behaviour
- xxxv. Elliott S. W. (2017), Computers and the Future of Skill Demand, OECD
- xxxvi. Saucedo-Martinez J. A. et al. (2017), Industry 4.0 Framework, Journal of Ambient Intelligence
- xxxvii. Schoemaker P. J. H. (1993), Multiple Scenario Development, Strategic Management Journal
- xxxviii. Schunk D. H. (1991), Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective, Macmillan
- xxxix. Shamim S., Cang S., Yu H., & Li Y. (2016), Management Approaches for Industry 4.0, IEEE
- xl. Sole D., and Edmondson A. C. (2002), Situated Knowledge and Learning in Dispersed Teams, British Journal of Management
- xli. Tucker A. L., Nembhard I. M., Edmondson A. C. (2007), Implementing New Practices, Management Science
- xlii. Wenger E. (2009), A Social Theory of Learning, Routledge
- xliii. Wenger E. (1998), Communities of Practice, Cambridge University Press
- xliv. Wilson J. M., Goodman P. S., Cronin M. A. (2007), Group Learning, Academy of Management Review