Digital Technology in Educational Discourses and Transactions: Application, Needs and Challenges

Abstract

Technology in education refers to the use of digital devices, tools, online learning platforms and software to enhance the teaching-learning experiences by making learning more interactive and engaging. This research paper attempts to study the comparison between traditional education and today's education system, the application of technology in education, the technological needs of modern classrooms (21"-century) in the vision of NEP 2020, the importance of technology and the challenges faced in its application. The finding revealed that traditional education is more teacher-centred, rigid and today's education is student-centred, more flexible and technologydriven. The advancements in technology have brought an evolution in education by increasing accessibility through e-learning platforms, reducing cost, providing vast access to information, personalized learning, and global collaboration. By integrating various technological tools and devices such as e-learning platforms, Google classrooms, Kahoot! assistive and adaptive technologies, virtual reality, augmented reality, educators can enhance engagement, improve learning outcomes, and equip students with skills needed to succeed in a technology-driven world. The National Education Policy 2020 also stressed including technology in modern classrooms (21" century) to foster an innovative and inclusive learning environment. By integrating digital infrastructure, Al-powered tools, learning analytics, OER, Internet of Things (loT), seminars and webinars for teachers' professional development, institutions can enhance student engagement, personalized learning, skill development and prepare students for the demands of the 21st century by instilling creativity, innovation and making them aware of ethical use of technology. While technology has immense potential, its implementation faces several challenges, ranging from digital inequity, resistance to change, quality and reliability of the educational content, teacher preparedness, privacy concerns. To overcome these problems, governments, educational institutions, educators, and technology suppliers must work together to ensure that the benefits of technology are realized and that it is used to promote equity, inclusivity, and increased learning experiences.